s Wine Indusrty

AMERICA’S WINE INDUSTRY: A GLOBAL SUCCESS J. EDWIN DIETEL After barely an age, the US wine industry is testing hundreds of years old European wineries America’s winemakers, the greater part of whom are relative newcomers to the business, are making prevalent wines and harvesting worldwide praise. In a solitary age, and when numerous US ventures can no longer profess to be world pioneers, the US wine industry’s worldwide achievement is an entrancing story of innovative vision and keen showcasing. It is not yet clear whether the American business has arrived at its pinnacle, or if new developments, new rivalry, and new markets will make the future ruddy for US vintners. As far as overall acknowledgment and achievement, singular American wineries have made their imprint just in the last 50-odd years. American trials with wine-production for as long as 200 years-including extensive endeavors by Thomas Jefferson to recreate French grape-developing procedures at Monticello-had demonstrated economically ineffective. Not until the finish of Prohibition in 1933 did the American wine industry take off for an enormous scope. America has now become the fourth biggest maker on the planet behind Italy, France, and Spain. US wine trades in 1999 were up practically triple more than 1990 levels, totaling 74 million gallons ($540 million). Amount of creation is nevertheless one proportion of accomplishment of the business. American wine makers additionally have gotten generally known for the nature of their items. The single occasion that carried worldwide acknowledgment to the American wine industry happened in Paris in 1976. There, in a praised daze tasting by nine French wine specialists, American Chardonnays were contrasted with their observed French partners, white Burgundies, while American Cabernet Sauvignons were contrasted with the lofty French first-development red Bordeaux. The American wi... 's Wine Indusrty Free Essays on America's Wine Indusrty AMERICA’S WINE INDUSTRY: A GLOBAL SUCCESS J. EDWIN DIETEL After barely an age, the US wine industry is testing hundreds of years old European wineries America’s winemakers, the majority of whom are relative newcomers to the business, are making prevalent wines and harvesting worldwide praise. In a solitary age, and when numerous US businesses can no longer profess to be world pioneers, the US wine industry’s worldwide achievement is an interesting story of innovative vision and sharp promoting. It is not yet clear whether the American business has arrived at its pinnacle, or if new developments, new rivalry, and new markets will make the future ruddy for US vintners. As far as overall acknowledgment and achievement, singular American wineries have made their imprint just in the last 50-odd years. American examinations with wine-production for as far back as 200 years-including significant endeavors by Thomas Jefferson to duplicate French grape-developing strategies at Monticello-had demonstrated financially ineffective. Not until the finish of Prohibition in 1933 did the American wine industry take off for a huge scope. America has now become the fourth biggest maker on the planet behind Italy, France, and Spain. US wine sends out in 1999 were up practically triple more than 1990 levels, totaling 74 million gallons ($540 million). Amount of creation is nevertheless one proportion of accomplishment of the business. American wine makers likewise have gotten generally known for the nature of their items. The single occasion that carried worldwide acknowledgment to the American wine industry happened in Paris in 1976. There, in a commended daze tasting by nine French wine specialists, American Chardonnays were contrasted with their observed French partners, white Burgundies, while American Cabernet Sauvignons were contrasted with the esteemed French first-development red Bordeaux. The American wi...

Insecurity in Nigeria Free Essays

Instability IN NIGERIA Underlying the mission for national security in Nigeria is the issue of political profound quality, which centers around the topic of characterizing the connection between the state and the different gatherings in the general public. Political profound quality appropriately interpreted looks to set up and support the basic conditions for the smooth working of the state and society. It is in this light we distinguish the issue of the ethical premise of Nigeria’s security to be an indispensable basic of national compromise, national endurance and national improvement in the new thousand years. We will compose a custom exposition test on Weakness in Nigeria or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now Our assessment of the ethical establishments of national security is even more huge when we inspect the pattern of occasions throughout the entire existence of military and monetary development in Nigeria, particularly under the past military systems of Abacha and Babangida. This exposition is especially worried about indicating the example of moral degeneration that prompted the efficient and standardized disintegration of individual and aggregate harmony, wellbeing, solidness and congruity inside the Nigerian culture. Additionally, the requirement for an assessment of the moral premise of human social presence in Nigeria is additionally featured by president Obasanjo (1999: 8) who 245National Security, Social Order†¦ in the October 1999 national day discourse accentuated that there is a need to look at the ethical establishments of every one of our activities and to keep on scanning for the conditions that will make Nigeria a simply, free and well off society. Obasanjo’sstatement plainly suggests that the nation is yet to accomplish the much wanted degree of moral lead and regard for human pride that can guarantee the upkeep of security, harmony and request in the general public. To be sure, the historical backdrop of Nigeria shows that the act of certifiable good lead and the assurance of sufficient individual and national security for all portions of the general public has been an illusive and worthless task. An assessment of the range of national life uncovers the rate of defilement in high and low places, clashes and disarray in different networks and districts, avarice and self-centeredness as the core values of human social connection, just as a circumstance of unavoidable disorder in the direct of day by day life . As aconfirmation of the issue of national security in Nigeria the Nigerian Bar Association [NBA] has expressed that there is expanding national rot and instability, which is found in the relapsing economy, unviable medical clinic offices and wellbeing administrations, absence of good funnel borne water, transportation and fuel issues that have overpowered the general public (Nwankpa 2000: 8). We may likewise include that the issue of national security is found in the expanding circumstance of rebellion, savagery and guiltiness that have gotten endemic in the country. The proof of the terrible state national security is found in what Onyegbula (2000: 24) portrays as the decreasing way of life and the breaking down social frameworks and instructive framework. For example, the streets, refineries,hospitals and schools have not been working at their ideal levels. All the more along these lines, the presence of an inadequately prepared police power, has constrained the renouncement of the security of lives and property of Nigerians to the ethnic local army gatherings and different questionable common protection and vigilante affiliations. Together, these common and institutional security offices and gatherings take part in the regulated brutalization, coercion and suppression of the individuals. In this manner, our contention is that the disintegration of both the poise of the human individual and the sacredness of the social request, has guaranteed that the foundation of veritable national security in the country has not been satisfactorily ensured. All the more critically, the prior methodologies, which have been received in the endeavor to give national security in Nigeria, have not been fruitful. Subsequently, there is a need to look for another way to deal with the goals of the issue of national security in Nigeria and a valid statement to begin the conversation is to endeavor a theoretical investigation of social request as an introduction to the assessment of national security. Oham Ugochukwu This day Journalist OHAM UGOCHUKWU YEAR 10 ENGLISH LANGUAGE The most effective method to refer to Insecurity in Nigeria, Papers

Survey says

Survey says… A lot of comments from my last entry touched on the leadership topics I’ve explored in the GEL Program, which I thought was pretty exciting. Thanks to those of you who read and commented! I then realized I shouldn’t be too surprised because I remembered this MIT News Office article from last November. According to this survey, 85 percent of freshmen said they held some sort of leadership position in high school. Out of a list of various skills and abilities, freshmen ranked themselves most confident in their the ability to “function effectively as a member of a team.” What do you guys think about these results? During the past week, I asked Leo McGonagle (GEL Executive Director), Dr. Diane Soderholm (GEL Education Director), and Professor Ed Crawley (GEL Co-Director) about their opinions on the article and some of the leadership examples they see in GEL applications. None of them were surprised about these statistics, but they all agreed that the results depend heavily on how students define a “leadership role.” They noted that sometimes a high school leadership opportunity can be more of a title than anything else, and I can definitely relate to this. I was a captain of my Cross Country and Track teams in high school, and basically that meant don’t get in trouble, don’t get the team in trouble, and cheer a lot at races. I don’t even know how I became captain. I think one day my coach just announced it to the team. Now, as a captain for the MIT Cross Country and Track teams, it’s a whole different picture. The entire team chooses the captains, who are expected to keep in touch with the team during the off-season, organize team dinners and other team events, prepare supplies for meets, oh and, of course, cheer. A lot. Being a captain now takes a lot more forethought and communication skills than the identical role in high school. It’s a delicate balance of quality vs. quantity when it comes to leadership roles. “Many students feel they need to have positions/titles like that to compete for admission to highly selective colleges,” Leo said, adding, “Others have actually had real leadership positions in high school.” When I asked Leo about his leadership experiences growing up, he said that it wasn’t until college that he had a memorable experience. “I decided to develop my leadership skills at the next level through participation in Army ROTC in college,” Leo said. Since then, he’s been Executive Officer of a 600-soldier engineer construction battalion in Iraq, Commander of a 100-soldier mechanized engineer company in Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Platoon Leader of a 30-soldier engineer platoon in the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) during the Persian Gulf War, according to his bio on the GEL website. Diane, who supervises leadership activities in several classes across the MIT departments, emphasized that “GEL gives students opportunities to practice and reflect on their leadership style and effectiveness.” A distinction that Ed made was that the goal of the GEL Program is to develop leaders, not recognize them and give them some sort of “gold medal.” In past applications to the program, he’s seen students who are already leaders on campus and others who are simply interested in leadership. During the GEL admissions process, each applicant is interviewed, and Ed says the interview reveals a lot about the applicants’ leadership experiences and aspirations. The two questions he says that the staff asks during admissions are: 1) Has the student demonstrated that he/she is on track to be a future leader? 2) Would this student benefit from the type of opportunities GEL provides? In other words, does this student want to improve? When looking at GEL applicants, Ed carefully considers students’ interest and intentions. He wants students to not just have something they “believe they can do,” but also something they simply “believe in.” He told me a story about a Rhodes Scholar from Zimbabwe whom he met at Oxford University. Ed invited the grad student to come to MIT for his postdoc work. When the grad student said he planned to resurrect the economy of his nation as President, Crawley said he “hired him on the spot,” reasoning, “why wouldn’t you hire someone with aspirations to help his own people?” Last he heard, Crawley says his former student is in fact leading the Opposition Party in Zimbabwe, facing frequent arrests and brutality for the sake of his country. Thus far in GEL I’ve learned a lot about leadership styles and when to use them. The academic lessons aren’t nearly as valuable as the hands-on activities, when I don’t really have time to cull through a catalog of leadership styles; most of the time I rely on experience and instinct to pick the right one. Now that some of the GEL staff have had their say, I plan to talk with a couple fellow GEL students in my next entry to hear their stories about their GEL experience thus far!

The English Colonization And Settlement Essay - 1113 Words

Stephanie Kelley Hist2003 Mr. Flowers 10 September 2016 Question #1: Discuss the English colonization and settlement in the New World (North America) that would eventually end up with thirteen colonies for the English. How did the English colonization and settlement in the Chesapeake and southern colonies differ from that in New England? What factors motivated people to settle in the different regions? What effect did the English Protestant Reformation in the mid-1500s have on the desire of Englishmen to migrate to the New World? [Hint: the New England colonies.] How did the desire for freedom of worship (religious freedom) effect colonization and settlement in English America? Which colonies provided greater religious toleration for their members? Give several examples. [Note: Your answer should incorporate basic information about the settlement of all thirteen colonies. In other words, your instructor will be looking for all thirteen colonies to be addressed in your answer.] The English colonies in Chesapeake had high mortality rates. Since life expectancies were short this caused and influx in family life because most families had a partner not live long which led to many remarriages. They had more men than women settlers. Tobacco was the major crop of Chesapeake. Chesapeake was also founded on the â€Å"Act of Tolerance†, which was for freedom of the Catholics and Protestants to worship as they pleased since the Catholic religions were heavily persecuted in England who atShow MoreRelatedDifference Between Spanish And English Colonization1012 Words   |  5 Pagesrelations with native populations. Although the English did not settle in North America until the early 17th century, well past the period of the Spanish conquest, their methods of colonization were more successful in the long term. The English were able to find economic success through agricultural and commercial means, allowing them to establish distinct and successful societies in th e New World. Additionally, the success of the permanent English settlements was further strengthened by relatively acceptingRead MoreHow Did Contact Between The European Arrivals And The Native Peoples Of The Americas Affect Both Groups?1545 Words   |  7 Pagesnot limited to corn, potatoes, tomatoes, and beans. The Europeans also inter-married with the natives, though this was often without consent of the latter. These pairings created a new breed of mestizos that quickly dominated the population. The settlement of the Europeans was essentially a conquest as they dealt much damage to the natives through the introduction of new and deadly diseases, and capitalized upon it with their policies of subjugation and extermination. Through this process, millionsRead MoreThirteen Colonies and New England944 Words   |  4 PagesCHAPTER 3 Settling the Northern Colonies, 1619–1700 Focus Questions 1. What religious turmoil in the Old World resulted in the little colony of Plymouth in the New World? 2. Why was the initial and subsequent colonization of the Massachusetts Bay Colony more successful than Plymouth? 3. How did the colony of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colony contribute to the origins of American independence and government? What were the contributions to American independence and government fromRead More1. Discuss the European motives for expansion and colonization in the New1604 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss the European motives for expansion and colonization in the New World. There are many reasons that contributed to the expansion and colonization by Europeans into the New World. Europeans believed the New World a place to practice religion without religious persecution, a place to find plentiful resources and a place to start new. Many Europeans felt that they could colonize the New World without fear of religious persecution due to English and European Reformations. Protestant ReformationRead MoreEssay On Jamestown Vs Plymouth705 Words   |  3 Pagesdiscovery of Virginia in 1607 at a place called Jamestown, this was the first permanent english settlement in the new world, the americas. Also â€Å"From of Plymouth plantation†, by William Bradford, a historical account, is about when 13 years later about 100 settlers went on the big fancy ship called the Mayflower and landed in Massachusetts at a place they named Plymouth. With these two colonies, english settlements in north america were born. They both had some similarities and also the colonies hadRead MoreCompare And Contrast Jamestown And From Of Plymouth Plantation714 Words   |  3 Pagesdiscovery of Virginia in 1607 at a place called Jamestown, this was the first permanent English settlement in the new world, the Americas. Also â€Å"From of Plymouth plantation†, by William Bradford, a historical account, is about when 13 years later about 100 settlers went on the big fancy ship called the Mayflower and landed in Massachusetts at a place they named Plymouth. With these two colonies, english settlements in north America were born. They historically had some similarities and also the coloniesRead MoreUsing the Examples Drawn from This Chapter, Discuss the Differences Between Colonizing â€Å"Frontiers of Inclusion† and â€Å"Exclusion†1012 Words   |  5 Pagesto include another group, religion, country and or settlers into their culture or environment. Exclusion is to prevent or restrict the entrance or/to expel or bar especially from a place or position previously occupied. An inclusive policy of colonization would mean making colonized subjects an integral part of your new system and an exclusive policy would be pushing the vanquished out of the new system. Exclusion is to expel and keep out, thr ust out, or to eject. The ways in which countries wentRead More Living the Aboriginal Way879 Words   |  4 Pagespeople living on the continent until the colonization in 1788 by the UK. The biggest consequence for this colonization is that the British brought with them diseases such as measles, tuberculosis and smallpox. In the 19th century, smallpox was the biggest cause of Aboriginal deaths. Aboriginal people speak mostly English, but they do have a variety of their own language that they speak in phrases and words to create an Aboriginal English language. Before the English settled in Australia, the AboriginesRead MoreEnglish Relationship Between English Indians And Native Americans1092 Words   |  5 PagesRelationships between English settlers and Native American tribes were central to both the successes and the failures of the early English colonies in America. Although conflict often characterized relationships between the so-called â€Å"Indians† and the English, many of the initial colonies owed their survival and successes to the natives. The Native Americans were valuable trading partners, occasional allies, and aid in sickness and famine. However, various conflicts between tribes and settlersRead MoreThe Control of England in North America and Demise of the Spanish Power in the Atlantic1490 Words   |  6 Pagesestablishing the main events that made England to gain control over the Atlantic and establishing settlements in North America. The paper also explores the major events that led to the demise of Spanish power in the Atlantic. This will be done through looking at a number of factors including commerce, the rise of competing nations that presented an encouragement for the exploration and colonization of the new lands by the Europeans, rapid population growth, and new learning. In addition, it explores

Marketing Plan For An Organization Essay - 1532 Words

Every marketing plan needs to involve some level of marketing research to validate any marketing initiative and to understand what your customers really want. But what are the best research methods to use to suit your specific business needs? Before I start, it should be noted that not all marketing research should only occur in big organisations with significant budgets. There are number of different research methods which small business can use to analyse their market. By keeping your research methods as simple and focused as possible will help you collect, sort and analyse information without getting bogged down or disheartened. Primary Research For the purpose of this blog, I m only going to focus on primary research as I m assuming most people know how to obtain secondary research and information which is readily available from places such as trade unions, libraries, government authorities and departments, e.g. Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) The four most common methods used to collect primary data include: Surveys or questionnaires Focus Groups Personal Interviews Observation Surveys Every small business can reap the benefits from using small-scale surveys. SurveyMonkey.com is a smart tool to create and publish custom surveys, allowing the user to view results graphically and in real-time. You should be surveying your customers at least every six months, or perhaps the next you send out an invoice. The cost to sign up is very cheap, so it s worth aShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan For An Organization1248 Words   |  5 PagesMarketing Plan Marketing play vital role in success of every type of business. The objective of Marketing Plan to skeleton the strategies, tactics and plans to achieve the targeted sales goals. My company will provide consultancy regarding Skilled Worker Visa, Business Visa, Student Visa, Temporary Visitor Visa, Work Visa, Family Sponsored Visa, Refugee Cases and Citizenship. My company is committed to provide quality immigration services to those who are willing to settle down temporary or permanentlyRead MoreMarketing Plan For An Organization1683 Words   |  7 PagesThe real marketing plan made will be composed essentially for officials, who will utilize the conjectures in the arrangement to settle on planning choices. These individuals will settle on planning choices for the arranged showcasing exercises as well as for the association s assembling, requesting, and generation divisions, and different capacities in view of the promoting arrangement made. Notwithstanding administrators, numerous other individuals will utilize the advertising arrangement. ParticularlyRead MoreMarketing Plan For An Organization3615 Words   |  15 Pages1.Executive summary Marketing is a process of creating, organizing, communicating, delivering, providing and exchanging offerings in the form of information about the product or services which creates a value in the eyes of customers, society etc. about the business providing the product or about the brand at large. In this course of marketing I got lot of knowledge about marketing concepts relating to brand promotion, communication mix, qualitative research etc. which would help me in future toRead MoreStrategic Marketing Plan For The Organization Essay2106 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction      As a warehouse employee i was assigned a project to work on strategic marketing plan for the organisation. After my research i outlined the following points:-     1 porters five academic model 1 Supplier: How do your actions affect costs, supplies and evolution? If there are a limited number of suppliers, it is the power of his favour and switching cost can be prohibitive to a situation with a large number of suppliers. There may be too few buyers, suppliers.   2. Power of buyers: Read MoreMarketing Plan For Organization / Alcor Petro Lab Essay1422 Words   |  6 Pages Marketing Plan for Organization/Alcor Petro lab Proposed by: Morris Crowder Submitted to: BUSN-319-10074 DeVry University September 24, 2016 INTRODUCTION The marketing planning is very essential for Alcor Petro lab to be successful in the local and global market. This involves an outline of the organization and their complete marketing efforts. Being that marketing in the RD petroleum world isn’t done by radio, TV nor newspaper it has to be very noticeable on all job search sites asRead MoreHow Organizations Use Marketing Research to Contribute to the Development of Their Marketing Plans883 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment: Describe how a selected organization uses marketing research to contribute to the development of its marketing plans Primary and secondary research Marketing research informs businesses, helps them make decisions and understand the changing dynamics of its market. To know all of this you need to research your customers, competitors and the overall marketing environment. With that information you can analyze the data and make conclusions to improve the marketing of your products of servicesRead MoreMarketing Strategy : An Organization s Marketing Goals Into A Comprehensive Plan1008 Words   |  5 PagesA marketing strategy combines an organization’s marketing goals into a comprehensive plan. It is drawn from good market research on the right marketing mix to achieve maximum profits for the product or service as well as sustain the business. Of common use is the term â€Å"marketing mix.† It incorporates the four Ps of marketing. These are product, price, promotion and place. When dealing with a service in place of a good, the four are expanded to the seven Ps. The three additions are; people, physicalRead MoreWhy D o Healthcare Practices Need a Marketing Plan?793 Words   |  3 Pagesadvertising and marketing efforts for the coming year is known as a marketing plan. A marketing plan includes a statement of the marketing situation, a discussion of target markets and company positioning and a description of the marketing mix intended for use in reaching marketing goals (entrepreneur.com, 2012). A second definition of a marketing plan is as follows: a plan that describes the activities involved in achieving certain marketing objectives within a given timeframe. A market plan starts offRead MoreMalcolm Baldrige National Quality Program Paper1283 Words   |  6 Pageshave, and shall have, the same validity as my handwritten signature.    Student s  signature (name typed here is equivalent to a signature): Dwayne Wilson Individual Assignment MKT 421 Dwayne Wilson 11/01/2011 Terry Booker Marketing definitions Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. (Approved October 2007) 1: the act or process

Light vs. dark Free Essays

In the myth of the cave Plato and Socrates discuss the theory of having prisoners trapped in a cave chained, in where they are shown figures of the world being cast by shadows. Until one of the prisoners is dragged out into the real world and he experiences a change in perspectives. After realizing how wrong his perspective of the world was, he decides to share this information with the rest of the prisoners that are still trapped in the darkness of the cave. We will write a custom essay sample on Light vs. dark or any similar topic only for you Order Now The other prisoners were so full of their own perspective, disbelieving that there was a world different than what they believed in, that they threatened to kill him if he spoke another word of nonsense. The prisoner returned to the outside world and left the other prisoners in the darkness of their ignorant ways. In â€Å"A Very old Man With Enormous Wing†, one day as Pelayo is disposing of crabs in the ocean, he notices an angel lying in the sand ill, he decides to take him home and keeps the old man caged in his chicken coop. fter a ew days Pelayo and his wife Elisanda start to noticed that their ill son is cured and healthy. They seek help from the priest who believes he is the devil since he dint speak God’s language. People came from far and close to see the old man with their own eyes. Elisanda saw a great opportunity and started to charge people admission to see the angel, making her and Pelayo wealthy that they build a new home for themselves. When the old man regained his health and strength he disappears never to be seen or heard from again. The characters in â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings†, by Gabriel Marquez relate to the characters in Plato’s â€Å"Myth of the Cave† because they are blinded by their perspective and there are similarities in the surroundings from both of the stories. Perspective; a particular evaluation of a situation or facts, especially from one person’s point of view, is both a positive and negative thing in both of the stories. In the beginning the prisoner had this perspective that he strongly believed that the shadows that he was being shown all his life were what the world consisted off. When he did get the chance to go into the real world, he was hesitant and had to be dragged out of the cave. Once he stepped out of the darkness of the cave, he saw the light and came to the conclusion that all this time he was wrong for thinking that way. He tried to share his knowledge with the others that believed that the prisoners they were in was the world of sight. It is then, when he steps back into the darkness once more that he realizes how ignorant people could be, Socrates himself once said â€Å"That the unexamined life is not worth living†. Not bothering to question the chance or possibility of their being another world than the one they believe to be real. In the case of Pelayo and Elisanda in the beginning their perspective about the old man was that he was gruesome looking and that he was dangerous. They planned on letting him regain his strength and send him of to sea with enough food and water to last him for three days. After seeing that there ill son became healthy since the old man had arrive, the thought of him not being such a negative thing crossed their mind. They ended up becoming egan to spread that the old man had powers that could cure others illness, that it led a leper, a blind man, and a paralytic to come visit the old man hoping for a miracle for the price of a nickel. Leaving with a miracle they didn’t have in mind; the blind man didn’t recover his eye sight but he did grow three new teeth, the paralytic who didn’t get to walk but almost won the lottery, and finally the leper whose sores sprouted sunflowers. In the end Pelayo and Elisanda changed their perspective on the old man being dangerous and having powers that made miracles happened, but lso changed their financial status they went from being poor to becoming so wealthy they were able to build a big house that keep the crabs out. The surroundings in both of the stories can relate to each other. In Platos story the prisoners are trapped and chained inside a cave, while the old man was kept locked away inside a chicken coop. in both stories the prisoner and the angel are surrounded by people that are too arrogant to accept the fact that there might Just be a world that’s different than what they believe in. If they were able to change their perspective and step outside of the darkness and into the light there whole life would have changed completely. As it did for the prisoner who got his freedom into a whole new world he was amazed and curious about, while Pelayo and Elisanda not only became used to the old man towards the end, but also became very wealthy because of him. Both Plato’s and Marquez story’s share similarities from the characters to even the surroundings, from being trapped in a cave to a chicken coop. The way the prisoner saw how completely rong his perspective of the world was, that it was more than Just shadows being cast on a wall. How Pelayo and Elisenda were once scared of the old man with enormous wings until they changed the way the saw the old man. That they even allowed their son to play inside the chicken coop with the angel, leading to both the old man and child to catch chicken pox together. Most importantly how Plato uses the darkness of the cave to represent the ignorance we could have if we don’t bother to question the world we live in, and Marquez uses the money to symbolize the root of all evil. How to cite Light vs. dark, Papers

Water Pollution Essays (1596 words) - Water Pollution,

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans and groundwater). Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds. Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water. In almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities. Water pollution is a major global problem which requires ongoing evaluation and revision of water resource policy at all levels (international down to individual aquifers and wells). It has been suggested that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases, and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily. An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indian children die of diarrheal sickness every day. Some 90% of China's cities suffer from some degree of water pollution, and nearly 500 million people lack access to safe drinking water. In addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries, industrialized countries continue to struggle with pollution problems as well. Water is typically referred to as polluted when it is impaired by anthropogenic contaminants and either does not support a human use, such as drinking water, and/or undergoes a marked shift in its ability to support its constituent biotic communities, such as fish. Natural phenomena such as volcanoes, algae blooms, storms, and earthquakes also cause major changes in water quality and the ecological status of water. Categories Surface water and groundwater have often been studied and managed as separate resources, although they are interrelated. Surface water seeps through the soil and becomes groundwater. Conversely, groundwater can also feed surface water sources. Sources of surface water pollution are generally grouped into two categories based on their origin. Point source water pollution refers to contaminants that enter a waterway from a single, identifiable source, such as a pipe or ditch. Examples of sources in this category include discharges from a sewage treatment plant, a factory, or a city storm drain. Non?point source pollution refers to diffuse contamination that does not originate from a single discrete source. NPS pollution is often the cumulative effect of small amounts of contaminants gathered from a large area. A common example is the leaching out of nitrogen compounds from fertilized agricultural lands. Nutrient runoff in stormwater from "sheet flow" over an agricultural field or a forest are also cited as examples of NPS pollution. Contaminated storm water washed off of parking lots, roads and highways, called urban runoff, is sometimes included under the category of NPS pollution. However, this runoff is typically channeled into storm drain systems and discharged through pipes to local surface waters, and is a point source. However where such water is not channeled and drains directly to ground it is a non-point source. Groundwater pollution Interactions between groundwater and surface water are complex. Consequently, groundwater pollution, sometimes referred to as groundwater contamination, is not as easily classified as surface water pollution. By its very nature, groundwater aquifers are susceptible to contamination from sources that may not directly affect surface water bodies, and the distinction of point vs. non-point source may be irrelevant. A spill or ongoing releases of chemical or radionuclide contaminants into soil (located away from a surface water body) may not create point source or non-point source pollution, but can contaminate the aquifer below, defined as a toxin plume. The movement of the plume, called a plume front, may be analyzed through a hydrological transport model or groundwater model. Analysis of groundwater contamination may focus on the soil characteristics and site geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, and the nature of the contaminants. Causes The specific contaminants leading to pollution in water include a wide spectrum of chemicals, pathogens, and physical or sensory changes such as elevated temperature and discoloration. While many of the chemicals and substances that are regulated may be naturally occurring (calcium, sodium, iron, manganese, etc.) the concentration is often the key in determining what is a natural component of water, and what is a contaminant. High concentrations of naturally-occurring substances can have negative impacts on aquatic flora and fauna. Oxygen-depleting substances may be natural materials, such as plant matter (e.g. leaves and

Why the Sioux Oppose the Dakota Access Pipeline

Why the Sioux Oppose the Dakota Access Pipeline As the Flint, Michigan, water crisis made national headlines in 2016, members of the Standing Rock Sioux  successfully  protested to protect their water and land from the Dakota Access Pipeline. After months on end of demonstrating,  the water protectors rejoiced when the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers decided on Dec. 4, 2016, to  prohibit the pipeline from crossing  Lake Oahe, effectively bringing the project to a halt. But the pipelines future is unclear after Obama leaves office, and the Trump administration enters the White House. Building of the pipeline could very well resume when the new administration takes over.   If finished, the $3.8 billion project would span 1,200 miles across four states to link the Bakken oil fields in North Dakota to an Illinois river port. This would allow 470,000 barrels of crude oil daily to be transported along the route. But the Standing Rock wanted construction on the pipeline stopped because they said it could devastate their natural resources. Initially, the pipeline would have crossed the Missouri River near the state capital, but the route was changed so that it would pass under the Missouri River at Lake Oahe, a half-mile upstream from the Standing Rock reservation. The pipeline was redirected from Bismarck because of fears that an oil spill would endanger the city’s drinking water. Moving the pipeline from the state capital to an Indian reservation is environmental racism in a nutshell, as this form of discrimination is characterized by the disproportionate placement of environmental hazards in communities of color. If the pipeline was too risky to be placed near the state capital, why wasn’t it deemed a risk near Standing Rock land? With this in mind, the tribe’s effort to stop  construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline isn’t simply an environmental issue but a protest against racial injustice as well. Clashes between the pipeline’s protesters and its developers have also sparked racial  tensions, but the Standing Rock have won support from a broad cross-section of the public, including public figures and celebrities.   Why the Sioux Are Against the Pipeline On Sept. 2, 2015, the Sioux drafted a resolution explaining their opposition to the pipeline. It read in part: â€Å"The Standing Rock Sioux Tribe relies on the waters of the life-giving Missouri River for our continued existence, and the Dakota Access Pipeline poses a serious risk to Mni Sose and to the very survival of our Tribe; and ...the horizontal direction drilling in the construction of the pipeline would destroy valuable cultural resources of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe.† The resolution also argued that the Dakota Access Pipeline violates Article 2 of the 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty which granted the tribe the â€Å"undisturbed use and occupation† of its homeland. The Sioux filed a federal lawsuit against the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in July 2016 to stop construction of the pipeline, which began the following month. In addition to concerns about the effects a spill would have on the Sioux’s natural resources, the tribe pointed out that the pipeline would course through sacred ground protected by federal law. U.S. District Judge James E. Boasberg had a different take. He ruled on Sept. 9, 2016, that the Army Corps had â€Å"likely complied† with its duty to consult the Sioux and that the tribe â€Å"has not shown it will suffer injury that would be prevented by any injunction the court could issue.† Although the judge denied the tribe’s request for an injunction to stop the pipeline, the departments of the Army, Justice and Interior announced after the ruling that they would suspend building of the pipeline on land of cultural importance to the tribe pending further evaluation. Still, the Standing Rock Sioux said they would appeal the judge’s decision because they believe they were not sufficiently consulted when the pipeline was rerouted.    My nations history is at risk because the pipeline builders and the Army Corps failed to consult the tribe when planning the pipeline, and routed it through areas of cultural and historical significance, which will be destroyed,† stated Standing Rock Sioux Chairman David Archambault II in a court filing. Judge Boasberg’s ruling led the tribe to ask for an emergency injunction to stop building of the pipeline. This led the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit  to state in a Sept. 16 ruling that it needed more time to consider the tribes request, which meant that all construction 20 miles in either direction of Lake Oahe had to stop. The federal government had already called for construction along that part of the route to be halted, but Dallas-based pipeline developer Energy Transfer Partners didn’t immediately respond to the Obama administration. In September 2016, the company said the pipeline was 60 percent complete and maintained it would not harm the  local water supply. But if that were absolutely certain, then why wasn’t the Bismarck location an appropriate site for the pipeline? As recently as October 2015, a North Dakota oil well blew out and leaked more than 67,000 gallons of crude, putting a tributary of the Missouri River at risk. Even if oil spills are rare and new technology works to prevent them, they cannot be completely ruled out. By rerouting the Dakota Access Pipeline, the federal government appears to have put the Standing Rock Sioux directly in harm’s way in the unlikely event of an oil spill. Controversy Over Protests The Dakota Access Pipeline hasn’t attracted media attention simply because of the natural resources at stake but also because of clashes between protesters and the oil company in charge of building it. In Spring 2016, only a small group of demonstrators  had set up camp on the reservation to protest the pipeline. But in the summer months, Sacred Stone Camp ballooned to thousands of activists, with some calling it â€Å"the largest gathering of Native Americans in a century,† the Associated Press reported. In early September, tensions heightened as protesters and journalists were arrested, and activists accused the security firm tasked with protecting the pipeline of pepper-spraying them and letting dogs viciously attack them. This called to mind similar images of attacks on civil rights protesters during the 1960s.    In light of the violent clashes between protesters and security guards, the Standing Rock Sioux were granted a permit to allow the water protectors to legally rally on the federal lands that surround the pipeline. The permit means the tribe is responsible for the cost of any damages, keeping demonstrators safe, liability insurance and more. Despite this shift, clashes between activists and officers continued in November 2016, with police reportedly firing tear gas and water canons at protesters. One activist came dangerously close to losing her arm as a result of an explosion that occurred during the confrontation. Protesters say she was injured by a grenade thrown by police, while police say she was hurt by a small propane tank that protesters rigged to explode, according to CBS News. Prominent Standing Rock Supporters A number of celebrities have publicly expressed their support for the Standing Rock Sioux’s protest against the Dakota Access Pipeline. Jane Fonda and Shailene Woodley helped serve Thanksgiving 2016 dinner to the demonstrators.  Green Party presidential candidate Jill Stein visited the site and faced arrest for allegedly spray-painting construction equipment during a protest. A former 2016  presidential candidate also stands in solidarity with the Standing Rock, leading a rally against the pipeline. U.S. Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vermont) said on Twitter, â€Å"Stop the Dakota Access pipeline. Respect Native American rights. And let us move forward to transform our energy system.† Veteran rocker Neil Young even released a new song called â€Å"Indian Givers† in honor of the Standing Rock protest. The song’s title is a play on the racial insult. The lyrics state: There’s a battle raging on the sacred landOur brothers and sisters have to take a standAgainst us now for what we all been doingOn the sacred land there’s a battle brewingI wish somebody would share the newsNow it’s been about 500 yearsWe keep taking what we gave awayJust like what we call Indian giversIt makes you sick and gives you shivers Young also released a video for the song that features footage of the pipeline protests. The musician has recorded songs about similar environmental controversies, such as his 2014 protest song â€Å"Who’s Gonna Stand Up?† in protest of the Keystone XL pipeline. Leonardo DiCaprio announced that he shared the Sioux’s concerns as well. â€Å"Standing w/ the Great Sioux Nation to protect their water lands,† he said on Twitter, linking to a Change.org petition against the pipeline. â€Å"Justice League† actors Jason Momoa, Ezra Miller and Ray Fisher  took to social media to announce their objections to the pipeline. Momoa shared a photo of himself on Instagram with a sign that said, â€Å"Oil pipelines are a bad idea,† along with hashtags related to the Dakota Access Pipeline protest. Wrapping Up While the Dakota Access Pipeline protest has largely been framed as an environmental issue, it is also a racial justice issue. Even the judge who denied the Standing Rock Sioux’s temporary injunction to stop the pipeline, acknowledged that â€Å"the United States’ relationship with the Indian tribes has been contentious and tragic.† Since the Americas were colonized, Native Americans and other marginalized groups have fought for equal access to natural resources. Factory farms, power plants, freeways and other sources of pollution are all too often erected in communities of color. The richer and whiter a community is, the more likely its residents have clean air and water. So, the Standing Rock’s struggle to protect their land and water from the Dakota Access Pipeline is just as much an anti-discrimination issue as it is an environmental one.

Essay Writing Tips

Essay Writing Tips Essay Writing Tips Essay Writing Tips This page was written essay writers to provide you with essay writing tips. The below questions will help you make your essay perfect in terms of style, format, grammar, and content. Is an essay topic interesting and worth of research? Can I make an original contribution to the existing literature on the topic? Have I clarified the significance of my results, discussion, and ideas? Have I thoroughly accounted for the intended audience? Has my opinion on audience changed in the result of essay writing? Have I thoroughly accounted for what the readers need to know? What terms or concepts need more clarification? Are my examples and illustrations effective? Should I provide more examples to help college essay readers visualize conceptual problems? Have I used concepts that my readers will not understand? Have I introduced information that may make the audience angry? Can I eliminate these hot passages and still get my point across? Have I established the tone appropriate for the audience and purpose of essay writing? Have I established the appropriate voice? Are there any confusing or pedantic sections that need to be revised or edited? Now that I have thought more deeply about the essay topic, how have my thoughts changed about the particular voice that I should try to establish? As I look over the whole essay, the paragraphs, the sentences, and the words, can I trace the development of ideas? Did I finish with the same purpose that I began writing an essay? What changes to introduction need to be made to account for what I have written in my essay? Are there any gaps in content development and reasoning? Do I need to provide additional reasoning or outside documentation to support controversial statements? Have I provided enough background information for essay readers to understand the discussion and evaluation? Have I addressed all of the important counterarguments? Have I cited the appropriate studies and relied on up-to-date information while writing an essay? Throughout the essay body, have I moved from what the reader knows - the given - to what the reader doesn't know - the new? Have I provided the forecasting and transitional sentences that essay readers will need to understand how different ideas relate to each other? offers essay writing help to assist you with accomplishment of paper writing assignments.   We are able to help you with any academic assignment and we know how to write an impressive essay for you.   Our site is a team of professional writers who are able to impress you with high quality.

Environmental Assessment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environmental Assessment - Case Study Example Surflan or oryzalin as it’s commonly referred, is a pre-emergent herbicide used to control turf grass, it’s selected for use during dry seasons and applied at the onset of rain to kill turf grass. It lasts for 2 to 8 months upon application and provides efficient control for annual grass and weeds with broad leaves. This refers to the way in which the herbicide suppresses the growth or kills a weed. Surflan acts by inhibiting plant growth when the recommended amount of 1.5 ounces is applied per 1000feet. The plant absorbs the solution, and then translocates it to the active sites in the plant cells where it stops various biomedical reactions thereby killing the plant. It has been noted that long exposure to Surflan herbicides may increase one’s chances of contracting certain types of cancer. Among the people at higher risk are farmers and gardeners, technical salespersons and manufacturer’s agents. The herbicide has been known for cancers of large intestines, prostrate, nose, pancreas, breast, lungs and ovary. It has also been linked to leukemia, skin rashes and Parkinson’s disease. Despite its effectiveness in controlling turf grass and other stubborn weeds, Surflan herbicides are among those that pose great danger to the environment. This is so because it is less volatile and has fewer tendencies to leaching. Volatile here means the easiness with which the solution can change from its liquid to gas state through the process of evaporation. Leaching on the other hand refers to loss of soluble nutrients form a carrier as a result of rain. This indicates that Surflan, when applied, stays on the top of the soil for long and can be swept by water to rivers where it causes undue hazard to fish and other animals that consume and live in that water (Johnson & Hall, 2002). In places where the farm fields are across the street and playing grounds, Surflan has effects on a number of individuals including the street and play ground users.

Michelangelos Pieta and Caravaggios Entombment of Christ Term Paper

Michelangelos Pieta and Caravaggios Entombment of Christ - Term Paper Example It is also noticeable that the lifeless arm of Marat was similarly depicted like the lifeless arm of the dead Christ carved by Michelangelo (Gardner, Kleiner, Mamiya 649) as well as the one painted by Caravaggio (De Pascale, J. Paul Getty Museum 37) thus the viewers can instantly observe the resemblance of the three artworks. The resemblance of David’s painting to the two earlier artworks may evidently show that he relied on the ability of viewers to link the Death of Marat to the Pieta and the Entombment of Christ to understand that the depicted characters died for a noble purpose and that is Christ for a religious cause while Marat for a political cause. The Founding Fathers of the United States chose and promoted the Neoclassicism as the national architectural style of the United Sates because Neoclassicism conveyed the political ideals of the Founding Fathers that is the Athenian democracy (Palmer 107, 108). This architectural style symbolized the end of colonialism in the United States and American democracy (Hopkins 90) at the beginning of the 19th century. An example of the Neoclassical architecture style is the Massachusetts State House. Fig. 1. G.E. Kidder Smith, Photograph of Massachusetts State House. Source Book of American Architecture: 500 Notable Buildings from the 10th Century to the Present. By G.E. Kidder Smith. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2000. 133.

The Psychology of Attraction: Why We Like Who We Like Essay -- The Sci

"Attraction: 1.n. the power or act of attracting; 2.a desirable or pleasant quality or thing" (Merriam-Webster, 2015). Taken directly from Merriam-Webster's Dictionary, this definition states in clear, scientific terms what attraction is. However, as every human knows, the power of attraction goes far beyond this cut and dried statement, reaching deep into our psyche, as well into our past. In this paper, the processes of attraction, its evolutionary roots and modern day implications are studied, in an attempt to answer the question "what causes us to be attracted to someone"? Discussion In the search for an answer, one must begin at the beginning- that is, at the beginning of the human race. At this time, life was merely the pursuit of survival and reproduction. Humans, like all other animals, struggled in competition for mates with the best genetic quality to pass on to their offspring. Females selected males that were healthy and strong, who could defend them and their young and who could provide food and shelter. Males sought out as many young, fertile women with whom to mate and pass on their genes as possible. Prehistoric man had no way of knowing whether or not a potential mate was in good health, so he learned to rely on cues embedded deep in recesses of his brain. Such preferences developed universally because these attributes provided signals as to the quality of genes, health or fertility of a mate. Over time, the people who had such preferences (and acted on them by mating with people possessing these attributes) left more surviving children. Three theories as to why these characteristics evolved as important signals exist. The first theory, the Runaway Selection model, credited to British ge... ... Cowley, Geofery and Karen Spriger (6/03/2012). "The Biology of Beauty" Newsweek, Vol. 127, Issue 23, p. 60- 65 Diamond, Jared (12/2012). "The Best Ways to Sell Sex" Discover, , Vol.17, Issue 12, p. 78- 93 Hotenski, Roberta (07/05/2014). "Playing the Mating Game" US News and World Report, Vol. 127, Issue 1, p. 56 Kalick et. al (02/07/2011), "Blinded By Beauty" Science News, Vol. 153, Issue 6, p.91 Merriam-Webster's Dictionary (2015), An Encyclopedia Britannica Company http://www.merriam-webster.com/ Mestel, Rosie (Nov/Dec 2014). "What's So Great About 36- 24- 66?" Health, Vol.13, Issue 9, p. 84-87 Morris, Charles G. and Albert A. Maisto (2014), Psychology, an Introduction (10th Edition), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, p.584- 586 Turner, Stuart (06- July-2014). "Physical Attractiveness Primer" Internet Source. (www.dur.ac.uk)

Humane Education Essay

The material devised and discussed briefly by Dr. Chauvin argues primarily on the validity of humane education and the rationale for the possibility of an educator promoting and advocating the concept. It is not something new. Observations concerning infants and people in general who tend to be attracted to animals have become important aspects not only in the educational setting but also specially in the therapeutic set-up and this is probably the main reason that educators are encouraged to implement or even just entertain the idea in the classroom setting. There writer did explain the advantages of having a pet and how teacher or instructor paves the way for the students to imitate him/her in the care, attention and manner of attending to a creature. The article tackled as well the precautions a person or family must bear in mind or understand before embarking on owning or taking care of an animal by primarily providing brief descriptions of the animals least likely to be of help to the animals most likely to possess value of developing â€Å"humaneness† to a person or child. The article posited that certain limitations must be in place where the school setting is concerned once the students and/or teacher decide to own a pet or animal. II. Discuss the pros and cons of animals in the classroom The pros: A child or person has direct physical access to an animal. Vicariously watching what the particular animal may need and how it will be in association or relationship with people or fellow creature itself (Chauvin, p. 21). It allows the opportunity for students to learn what it is like to be responsible and how or manner of learning the skills that are necessary to be able to work and behave with creatures but most especially towards fellow human beings (Chauvin, p. 21). The trait of empathy is an important characteristic for any person to possess. However, while some have this to some degree, many individuals still do not have the trait or has become elusive for them. It usually takes time and effort to be able to learn and adapt the skill of empathy. Empathy is the ability to feel what the other person feels much like putting oneself in the shoes of another (Chauvin, p. 21). The cons: The article or material warns of problems that may be faced by a person or child especially if he/she did not bother to take the time to learn the basics about the project. Moreover, it implies that anyone interested must be prepared for the setbacks or downsides (Chauvin, p. 21). Anyone on this kind of project must appreciate or anticipate the expenses that might be incurred; more of which are unforeseen most of the times (Chauvin, p. 21). III. Why you will or will not have animals in your classroom. It is a very wonderful and amazing idea because it removes boredom and predictability when this is followed. But if I were to decide I would probably have it like a â€Å"show and tell† type rather than having animals left in the classroom. It is indeed costly on effort, time and money/expense. Not only that, the hidden danger of dealing with animals which will not rule out the possibility of attack on the child/individual (Chauvin, p. 21). The â€Å"show and tell† type may be revised to suit the rationale and intentions of this project to encourage students towards becoming more humane or empathetic. This can be done by having the activity done on a regular basis so that students are followed up what they do at home with their pets and do reflections whether something in the attitudes and behavior of the student has changed considerable or not. Importance of â€Å"humane† education is not just a very trivial thing or idea. The project is significant on the matter of coexistence especially that this planet has become one global village as they say. Reference: Chauvin, Wynter. Animals and children

The Cold War A Competition Between Two Countries - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3038 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/04 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Cold War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? The United States sought to defeat the communist ideology of the Soviet Union on multiple fronts during the Cold War. Through indirect military interventions, cultural triumphs, and competitions occurring at the national level the two nations would oppose one another. These sorts of competitions proved incredibly effective as a project to help the bankrupting of the Soviet economy and ultimately played a pivotal role in the eventual collapse of the Soviet Union. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Cold War: A Competition Between Two Countries" essay for you Create order The Space Race between the two nations was in part merely a strategy employed to laud scientific achievement over the other nation, but the competitive drive instilled in the populations of both countries led to innovations that made voyages into space and onto the moon possible, arguably among mankinds greatest achievements. Ideological superiority was the crux of this battle and the stakes rose for the first time in human history to a global level, meaning that the motivations to compete for individuals rose to meet those stakes as well. The rapid rate of development of technology that sprouted from this period is still fascinating to learn about, if this same rate of development could be achieved without the baggage of a nuclear standoff and ideological confrontation the results would no doubt again be tremendous as well. The Cold War was at its core a clash between two differing ideologies. Dating back to the formal creation of the Soviet Union, the indirect nature of the ideological conflict is observable in the actions of President Woodrow Wilson asserts Trani. Wilson then faced a major decision whether or not to recognize the Bolshevik Revolution of November 1917 and Lenins communist government. Wilson and the United States immediately perceived this new ideologically run government as a potential threat, and took actions to either indirectly oppose or contain it. Both nations had parallels in their origins though, being created amidst a revolution in an attempt to establish a then experimental system of governing. It was almost as if the development of the two nations into superpowers was pushed through a mirror lens though, because they transformed into opposites in every imaginable sense. These opposing manifestations into culture, economics, and systems of government were a result of the two i deologies themselves being the root of the opposition. Whether or not Wilsons decision to greet the newly formalized nation with suspicion was warranted is up for speculation, as a degree of caution in the facing of an unknown entity could either be viewed as a reasonable precaution or a sort of xenophobia. This attitude of suspicion though would continue to exist in the minds of later American presidents, culminating in the nuclear standoff of the Cold War where it is plainly apparent to see. This initial suspicion though became clarified into the identification of an enemy state, as both sides would come to assert that the others form of governing could not produce a functional society that existed as Superpower in the global landscape. The Cold War became framed in a way around the functional utility of the societies and achievements produced by socialist and capitalist ideologies. Both sides felt compelled to produce great feats and accomplishments justifying the existence of their own ideologically propped societies, and revealing the failures of their opponent. On the subject of the Soviet Ideology, Robinson has this to say, If the party could not prove that it was using its power to develop society correctly it became redundant by the terms of its own ideological discourse. While this quote is directly referencing the ideology of the Soviet Union, it can be related to the United States as well. The overall claim being fought over in the propaganda competitions of the Cold War was ultimately which type of governing system could produce the best society, and if one of the two failed in these challenges, by extension this was a failure of the ideology as well. Suddenly something as recreational as a sporting event was in part being used to determine the viability and fidelity of either western or eastern civilization. This suddenly put both societies under a microscope in the examining of all the different ways a society can manifest and be comparatively measured. Education systems, infrastructure, recreational activities and sporting events all became channels of propaganda that had the stakes of the overall global conflict placed on them. This propaganda war was fought on every imaginable front, leading to a multitude of bizarre posturing for dominance between the two countries. The Cold War came to shape not just military strength and technology, but culture, and became a struggle between two nations attempts at displaying the distinguishability and superiority of their own. Every potential way that the two ideologies could manifest themselves became a new indirect battleground for the two countries. Stone illustrates the extent to which the conflict occurred by saying.how facets of everyday life, from consumption patterns to film, sport or design were all influenced by the Cold Wars ideological strictures. The nuclear stalemate between the two countries kept them from engaging in direct traditional warfare, and limited it to a seemingly petty rivalry. This element of rivalry separated it from other direct wars and conflicts as concerns of mutually assured destruction forced the two nations to resort to compete with one another, but not directly engage as combatants. This posturing placed enormous pressure on anyone unlucky enough to find themself enveloped in a societal activity that had been hijacked for propaganda purposes. While direct engagement was off the table of options, posturing of military and technological strength remained one as one of the most focused avenues for both sides. Scientific advancement of a tremendous scope is one of the only positive effects that came out of the Cold War. This rivalry on a national level led to both incredible achievements but also the constant fear of the deployment of nuclear weapons. The nature of these competitions between the two ranged from sporting events all the way to scientific and industrial achievements like the space race. Again at the root of all these competitions was the desire to prove the superiority of their ideology by producing an Olympic winning national hockey team, or a fully functional aerospace division capable of completing missions into outer space. Slotten maintains precisely this by saying, The nuclear standoff meant that some of the most important battles between the United States and the Soviet Union involved propaganda and symbolism rather than direct armed conflict. While these types of competitions reached to a level that seemed petty from a present day perspective, they were still supremely significant in terms of producing influence by being in the global spotlight. It is rather comical though to consider the global stakes behind the overlying ideological confrontation manifesting into a game of chess between Bobby Fischer and Boris Spassky. There is another aspect to these competitions that reveals the layer of propaganda behind it, the use of mudslinging tactics in televised encounters. A prime example would be Cassius Clays (Muhammad Ali) interview discussed by Wood, in which she remarks, After Clays gold medal match, a Soviet reporter, reflecting Cold War strategies and propaganda, asked Clay how it felt to win gold for a country that practiced racial segregation. Obviously there are very few ways to answer such a loaded question like that without helping create a poor outside image of the United States, and that is the point of such a ta ctic. It is designed in nature to catch the person off guard and sours what should have been a shining moment for Clay and the United States. This tactic perfectly encapsulates the attitudes of both nations towards the other during the Cold War. It is reflective of a genuine resentment that existed in the collective mindsets of both nations. Even channels of dialogue, that were potentially means of peaceful resolution, became utilized in mudslinging efforts by both countries. Individual interactions between opposing members of these societies would have likely been one of the best ways to let the illusion of the iron curtain fall. In interacting as individuals that originate from foreign groups, one can realize that the other is not merely the stereotypical manifestation of said foreign group, but an individual with their own thoughts, traits, and motivations. Unfortunately Cold War societal attitudes on both sides aroused suspicions on individuals who attempted to bridge this gap. In the U.S., being labeled a Socialist or a Communist could subject someone to harassment from neighbors, police surveillance, and other varyin g forms of suspicion. The same could be said of Capitalist labels in the Soviet Union. It was a type of ideological xenophobia that either unified or ostracized individuals because of the all-encompassing nature of the Cold War. The echoes of this type of polarity still exist today in both American and Russian mindsets, as allegations of meddling in the American electoral processes by Russian agents are still currently being investigated. Tensions of Cold War magnitudes have been lowered significantly though due to a combination of things, like the collapse of the Soviet Union, the invention of new dialogue mediums via the internet, and lowering of nuclear arsenals. The ideological conflicts also led to vast advancements in technology in the West, primarily designed for military focused applications, but still significant advancements nonetheless. This technological advancement and production being demanded by the government for military purposes had its roots in the transformative role of the United States government that occurred during World War II. Schaffer promotes this idea by saying, The success of the war effort, particularly the development and production of various weapon systems and the building of a massive manufacturing in- frastructure, quickly solidified the governments expanded role. Rapid en masse output of tanks, bombers, and other military gear for the wartime effort was something the American people had proved capable of managing. Repurposing that same level of effort towards a singular project like a moon landing with successful results became a possibility in part because of this expanded role of the American government. The goal of landing a man on the moon also reflects a possibility of a shift from simply pursuing endeavors that show off military strength to endeavors of scientific advancement that could have applications that benefit all of humanity. This is monumental because it opens the door for both sides to realize that ultimately their ideological conflict is inane when compared to a transcendent goal of pure scientific advancement for the sake of mankind. Unfortunately this did not happen, as the resentment in both sides continued until the Soviet Unions collapse, but the possibility that it opened still exists today. Whether or not the same rate of technological advancement would occur if this sort of idealism were embraced is purely speculative, but it is a goal truly worth pursuing. American voyages into outer space were largely a response to the Soviet Unions recently developed capability to send satellites (and potentially nuclear missiles) into orbit. The 1957 Sputnik demonstration may have just been a satellite, but the implications behind what was now technologically possible in the Soviet Union loomed over the United States. The Eisenhower administration sought to immediately take action by dramatically increasing access to Federal Aid for students, and by also creating a number of agencies concerning national security and space travel. The most recognizable agency would be N.A.S.A, and although this tactic was expensive and potentially risky, it would ultimately pay off. Kay lists off some of the miraculous inventions produced from this era by saying, From space travel to stealth aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicle technology to the Internet, the by-products of this degree of government planning and strategic vision were extraordinary. Eisenhower saw that the will of the American people was capable but that further education would ultimately be necessary to step forward with new technological innovations that would answer the Soviets. What had started out as a flexing match between the nations was becoming more nuanced, as science played a larger role in the development of weapons. Sheer military might was still a prominent motivator, but as the levels of weaponry became more sophisticated, so too did the strain in creating and operating them. Eisenhower recognized that the demand for scientific advancement could satisfy not just a response to the Soviets Sputnik, but also strengthen American infrastructure, which would lead to all sorts of future innovations that could exist and operate not just for the purpose of displaying military might. This tilting of attitude toward advancing technology for civilian or practical use is part of what kept American infrastructure so sound. It is a combination of evolution of ap plication, and a then sequential shifting of goals. The initial drive to innovate may have come from a desire to establish dominance by the means of the military but, once the new technology was invented, new possibilities were suddenly available. These new possibilities led to the repurposing of goals in what exactly to do with this technology. Compare Eisenhowers foresight with the lack thereof in Soviet leaders toward scientific innovation and it helps illustrate why the United States would go onto advance, and the Soviet Union to ultimately collapse. In discussing the Soviet Unions tactic of replacing officials frequently in an effort to combat misconduct, Sherman has this to say, Specifically, it caused resistance to technological improvements because these improvements are costly and may pay off only in a longer-run period. The Soviets inability to simultaneously solve short-term and long-term problems is primarily what led to their nations collapse. Economic collapse is tragic for the denizens of the nation, but it is ultimatel y better than the looming alternative that almost came to be during the Cold War: nuclear annihilation. Imagine for a moment that a similar level of rivalry from the Cold War existed in a new pursuit towards scientific achievement, but instead of the ultimate goal being the annihilation of the enemy, it was the betterment of mankind. Consider again the leaps forward made in this era and how although they were in all likelihood created with motivations similar to the former goal, dozens of the innovations had practical applications resembling the latter goal. Similar to the sporting matches or other shows of force, technological breakthroughs were a sort of high stakes competitive game between sworn enemies. Ironically, by bringing new technology into fruition and displaying it on a global scale, both nations were guaranteeing the eventuality that the other nation would be able to produce and improve upon the same kind of technology. On the subject of generational improvements, Jones had this to say, Rather than consensus, the Cold War spawned competing visions of what caused unreliabil ity in electronics, and how this unreliability might be eliminated. If this same rate of high tech improvements could exist today without being overshadowed by nuclear arsenals, the universal applications of all the innovations produced would be unimaginable. The privatization of tech companies has already produced astounding pieces of technology that is continually improving, but to imagine the same national level of unity that existed in the Cold War aimed at a more benevolent goal is dizzying. The Cold War brought the world to the brink of nuclear destruction, and in the ensuing stalemate also created a rivalry that encompassed almost every conceivable battleground. This rivalry went on not to just create world champions in sporting events, but also create innovations that decades later we still rely on today. An optimistic person would look forward to seeing a friendlier resurfacing of this nature of rivalry, intended only to move human achievements forward, not just national agendas. Modern titans of industry like Elon Musk certainly have made an impact in attempting to keep the rate of innovation and advancement moving forward, but one longs to see a renewed interest in space travel and access to quality education coming from the federal government, not just the private sector. History has proved that incentivizing citizens to receive higher educations ultimately produces a better-equipped and driven workforce. The other lesson that Cold War history has taught is that the lack of foresight in the Soviet Union to invest in projects and educating their people ultimately played a role in their stagnation and decline. Although the military industrial complex attitude ultimately drove the demand of advancement in technology, individuals like Eisenhower saw the benefit of allowing this technology to be fully realized beyond its initial wartime designations. Part of the reason such astounding results came out of the Cold War era technological fields was due to the insane nature of the stakes. Threats of societal collapse, nuclear destruction, and ideological defeat were ultimately what drove the competitors so hard to succeed. When an individual truly believes his or her life and world to be at stake, they will compete harder than ever before to achieve success. It is doubtful that the world will ever see this rate of development again without the accompanying baggage of Cold War stakes. A valuable lesson from this period in history to realize though is that competition of a much friendlier nature can still produce unexpected results, and some think this can be achieved while simultaneously removing the world ending stakes of the Cold War. Bibliography Jones-Imhotep, Edward. Disciplining Technology: Electronic Reliability, Cold-War Military Culture and the Topside Ionogram. History Technology 17, no. 2 (2000): 125. Kay, Sean. Americas Sputnik Moments. Survival (00396338) 55, no. 2 (2013): 123-146. Robinson, Neil. What was Soviet Ideology? A Comment on Joseph Schull and an Alternative. Political Studies 43, no. 2(1995): 325-332. Schafer, Todd and Paul Hyland. Technological Policy in the Post-Cold War World. Journal of Economic Issues (Association for Evolutionary Economics) 28, no. 2 (1994): 597. Sherman, Howard. Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union. International Journal of Political Economy 24, no. 1 (1994): 5-18. Slotten, Hugh Richard. 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